She was sixteen. Known as Mary Tudor, this queen is best remembered for trying to undo the works of her half-brother and attempt to return England from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism. To this end, she had almost three hundred religious dissenters executed, often by being burned at the stake.
As a result, she became known as Bloody Mary. However, he apparently found her deeply unattractive and fourteen months later he returned to Spain!
During her life she suffered from phantom pregnancies and produced no heir. Unloved by her subjects, Bloody Mary died of cancer and reluctantly named her sister Elizabeth as her successor. So long and influential was her reign that this period in history became known as the Elizabethan era. When she ascended the throne England was at war with France, the exchequer was bankrupt, the coinage debased and inflation was soaring, Elizabeth managed to overturn the fortunes of her country.
Under her reign, England grew strong in terms of global discovery and international diplomacy while literature and the arts flourished; a Spanish invasion was crippled and her excellent political and diplomatic skills meant that she was able to prevent the outbreak of a religious or civil war on English soil — no mean feat given the history of her country! Despite one persistent rumor, there is little evidence to suggest that Henry had syphilis.
His personality also changed, turning from suspicious to downright paranoid. This change, combined with his self-righteousness and absolute power, made Henry very dangerous. His confused legacy. By the time he died in , on his 56th birthday, Henry VIII reportedly weighed nearly pounds, and was a very sick, unhappy man. He remained an active ruler until the end, however, and his death left confusion and disorganization in its wake. His young son and successor, King Edward VI, was controlled by his advisers, and his death of tuberculosis in sparked a succession crisis.
While not without her own flaws, historians celebrate Elizabeth for keeping England together in a time of bitter religious divisions, a feat that was particularly remarkable given that she was—after all—only a woman. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you.
The Order founded in by St Bruno was systematically persecuted and banned. Many of its monks also known as hermits who refused to sign the Oath of Supremacy accepting Henry as the Head of the English Church were tortured, burned at the stake and left to starve to death in cells.
One of the most barbaric examples of annihilation was at the London Charterhouse today in Charterhouse Square where most members of the house were arrested, interrogated and when found guilty left to face agonising deaths. Monks were disembowelled while still alive, beheaded and quartered with the body being hacked into four pieces. Arrests and executions took place in four main stages targeting Charterhouses between The merciless authorities then turned to monks at the London house who, after their arrest and interrogation, were painfully held hanging from chains in prison for thirteen days before being hanged at Tyburn.
One monk, Sebastian Newdigate, was a friend of the King who visited the monk twice in prison to try and persuade him to renounce his faith and accept the Oath, but all in vain. The remaining twenty hermits and lay brothers at London Charterhouse were arrested and taken to Newgate prison in May Chained standing to posts they were left to starve to death. Henry had a long memory. Weirdest laws in history by BP Perry. A staunch supporter of the Pope and the Catholic Church when Fisher and other bishops appealed to the Holy See after encroachments on the Catholic Church, Henry had them arrested on the basis that such appeals were forbidden.
Because Fisher was deprived of his status as Bishop of Rochester he was tried as a commoner and feared the worst kind of execution.
Public outcry resulted in the original sentence of hanging, drawing and quartering to a more humane beheading on the scaffold. At Tower Hill on 22 June Fisher faced his execution with impressive calm and dignity although his headless body was stripped and left naked on the scaffold before being thrown into a rough grave.
His head was placed on a pole on London Bridge. The rebellion was initiated after a poor harvest in led to high food prices. Despite pardons from Norfolk being reneged by Henry the Duke was able to put down the rebellions leading to the arrests of Aske and Bigod. Two hundred and sixteen rebels were executed which included lords, knights and abbots.
In one case the rebel Sir Nicholas Tempest was hanged, drawn, and quartered while his wife Margaret Stafford suffered being burnt at the stake. A peeress in her own right she had been left a little land by her husband and raised five surviving children. Later she devoted her third son Reginald Pole to the Church where he became the Archbishop of Canterbury.
By the Countess had become one of the richest women in the country due to her handling of her lands. She was only allowed to return to court after Boleyn had been executed.
Responsibility for the Countess's downfall lay with her sons Reginald and Geoffrey. Reginald Pole had been suggested as a future husband for Lady Mary by the King's enemies and he was linked to the Pilgrimage of Grace rebels who planned to move on London and install a Catholic government.
The Countess was incarcerated in the Tower of London for two years but in what could be considered salubrious surroundings compared to most prisoners cells. On the 27 May the now year-old Countess was told she was to be executed within the hour.
One account which may be apocryphal described the axeman chasing the distraught Countess before striking her. The nobleman, soldier and founder of English Renaissance poetry was a first cousin of both Queen Anne Boleyn and Queen Catherine Howard and followed them in their tragic footsteps to the block.
The son of Thomas Howard, the Duke of Norfolk who was also the queen's uncle, young Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, was also known to be quarrelsome and possessing of a violent temper. Together with Surrey, the enraged king also had his father the Duke of Norfolk arrested and imprisoned on charges of treason. On 19 January the Earl of Surrey was beheaded on Tower Hill days before the planned execution of his father the once trusted right-hand man to Henry who was spared death due to the king own death.
Represented by WGM Atlantic agency. Tudor History Kings and Queens. Richard Bevan.
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